Women During The Civil War - 997 Words

Many people believe that women did not play any essential roles in our country’s history until the 1960s. However, this is not the case. Women have played many vital roles in suffrage movements as attempts to shed light upon or cure many of the ills of American society throughout American history. As an example, women fought to change the course and ideologies that were bestowed upon them by the traditional viewpoints of society of the time. The status of women was shifting rapidly in the Progressive Era. However, middle-class white married women still did not work outside the home. They were expected to stay home and tend to their families. Minority women, on the other hand, had to balance home life and their jobs outside of the home.†¦show more content†¦Likewise, several African American women went from working in agriculture to working in factories and as domestic servants and housekeepers. Concurrently, African American women had to endure the social and governmental racism, segregation, and overtly violent acts of racism, such as lynching and also sexism. This paper focuses on comparing and contrasting the education received by African American and Euro-American women used due to their differing and sometimes conflicted social standings during the Progressive Era. Attention is also given to specific strategies that were realized by organizations and groups, such as women’s conventions, schools, and settlement houses to help achieve their overall goal of equality. Attention is also given to specific strategies that were realized by organizations and groups, such as women’s conventions, schools, and settlement houses to help achieve their overall goal of equality. The paper also pinpoints key early reforms, and highlights the women who led them. In order to fully understand how and why these women did what they had to do, one must have knowledge of both the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era. The Gilded Age It is said that Mark Twain dubbed the later years of the 19th century as the Gilded Age. The period is very well described as a glittering invitation of the ‘American Dream’ to immigrants and laborers on the surface but corrupt and

Creating Shared Value Free Essays

Summary of ‘Creating shared value’ by M. Porter and M. Kramer The problem nowadays is that most businesses don’t have the right purpose ‘in mind’. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating Shared Value or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have a narrow-minded view in making profit and thus optimizing short-time financial performance. This old capitalistic view leads to a vicious circle. More specifically, the corporation doesn’t keep its environment and the broader community in mind while making profit and so they are perceived as (partly) responsible for society’ failures. This is where political leaders undermine competitiveness by setting the appropriate policies. The old, narrow view of capitalism leads to growing competition and shorter term performance pressures from shareholders. Shorting investor time horizons leads to outsourcing and offshoring which weakens the connection between the firm and its community. The solution lies in redefining the purpose of the corporation as creating shared value. This means enhancing the competitiveness of the corporation while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in its communities. The market should be redefined by societal needs, rather than convential economic needs. To create shared value, there are three main ways: reconceiving the products and market, redefining productivity in the value chain and enabling local cluster development. These ways are mutually reinforcing while creating shared value. By reconceiving products and markets, corporations can meet the demand for products and services that satisfy societal needs. In this way, there’s more space for innovation. Also, in developing countries and nontraditional communities in advanced economies equal or greater opporunities arise. Opportunities increase when capitalism starts working in these poor countries. These opportunities change constantly because of developping economies and evolving technologies. Another source of creating shared value lies in transforming the value chain. For instance by reexaminating energy use and logistics, huge costs can be saved for the company and at the same time for society. Another example is the advantage of buying from capable local suppliers. This avoids costs by avoiding inefficiencies and lowering input costs. This also means sharing technology and improve supplier quality and productivity by better procurement. Employee productivity can be improved by offering health care coverage, because poor health costs firms more than health benefits. Companies need to embrace locational thinking because of the rising costs of energy and carbon emissions. Enabling local clusters plays a crucial role to boost productivity. As mentioned, logistics through local suppliers avoid lots of internal costs. In monopolized markets, people often get exploited, prices are not fair and thus productivity will suffer through a lack of incentives for the workers. This indicates that the formation of open and transparent markets are necessary to create shared value. We can conclude that business can earn the respect of society again by respecting the new, more sophisticated form of capitalism. This new view focuses on profits that create societal benefits rather than diminish them, which creates shared value. How to cite Creating Shared Value, Essay examples

Hemmingway In A DreamHallucination Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Hemmingway In A Dream-Hallucination Essay, Research Paper Jeff Darmo English 135 Wrestling with Hemmingway in a Dream-Hallucination I sat outside of the Hogsbreath Saloon with my mentum in my manus and a newspaper with a headline about Ernest Hemmingway? s life being celebrated this coming hebdomad in Key West. It was a hot afternoon and I was groggy after being drunk the dark before and I wanted to be in my bed, but the small room that my friends and I rented was like an oven in the afternoon tropical heat. I was in Florida on holiday with three of my high school friends and we were supposed to go forth Florida for New Jersey the hebdomad before, but we got tropical febrility and stayed in Key West for a few more darks. I was seeking to compose a piece for a publication called the Rutgers Ruminations on petition of my friend turned publishing house who wanted an article on the? literariness? of Key West. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemmingway In A DreamHallucination Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The undertaking eventually led me to a bluish bench outside of? Hemmingway? s Favorite Watering Hole? . I wish that I remembered how it happened, how I dozed off under the sky in forepart of that saloon with my face in the two-page spread recapitulating Hemmingway? s stay in Key West. I don? t remember if it was from the desiccation caused by the intoxicant in my system or merely the field heat, but I fell fast asleep on a bench outside the Hogsbreath Saloon in Key West, Florida. ? That? s where he drinks. Yup, that? s it # 8211 ; his barstool and all. He merely sits there entirely all afternoon and drinks Black-label and writes in those three-penny notebooks he has at that place. Never smokes though. Constantly boasts about how much he drinks and how many adult females he has been with? ? Who are you? ? I asked. He didn? T answer the inquiry, but he point ed toward the door of the saloon. ? Get out of here! I am ternary the adult male you are and can imbibe whiskey long past the clip you hit the floor. You heard me sissy, acquire the snake pit out of here! Out of the saloon! ? A barrel-chested Hemmingway bellowed out of the dark room access. Then he retreated back into the fly-by-night confines of the barroom. The air was soundless and sad, about painful. I watched intently. Traveling from the bench to the door of the twilight saloon I caught a sight of Hemmingway immense upon his barstool. He was mumbling something underneath his breath when he slammed the glass down on the saloon and yelled something at the waitress. The adult male who pointed Hemmingway out followed me from the bench to the room access and whispered, ? Yup that is Ernest Hemmingway. The great author. Great toreador. The best fisherman. Winner of the Pulitzer, a fable for all clip. ? Right so a adult female approached Hemmingway and he turned and hit her in a bibulous swing of his beefy arm. The adult male continued, ? He gets drunk. Forgets what he is making, but he doesn? t mean anything by it. He? s a great author. ? I thought that he looked hapless and rummy. He looked like a balloon from all the intoxicant and he sweated abundantly through his shirt. He was entirely in the saloon. He stumbled off of his stool at the corner of the saloon and fell over seeking to hit a adult male go throughing to the public toilet. His pen left his manus and slid across the dust-covered wood floor of the saloon. A soft rain like a sea zephyr woke me from my dream and I got up off of the bench and headed to the barroom door. To acquire my world straight I checked the corner of the saloon. He wasn? T at that place and I headed back to my room to run into my friends and set my pen off for a small piece.

Roman Empire Essays - Geography Of Greece, Divided Regions

Roman Empire The Roman Empire was a strong hold over the Mediterranean for many years. Being the goal of most all world leaders, the Romans wanted land along with their power. They set their eyes on the valuable lands around them and the Mediterranean world as well as parts of Northern Europe and Asia. The Roman civilization and culture was much influenced by the Phonetians and Greeks. Later, the Romans were in control of these lands and their people. Three of their prize provinces held at much value to them were Thrace, Macedonia, Greece. These three lands were all located in the same area, providing a throughway to Rome for trade routes from China and the Middle east. Thrace, being on the south western coast of the Black Sea made it easy for the Romans to sail farther inland to what is today Russia. Greece was located on the Agean Sea and Macedonia was to the north of it tieing all three provinces together. Before Romans conquered Greece, there was a great civilization in itself that has influenced much of the Western culture of today. The Greeks were people that believe in beauty and the good of life. They people had a well developed government system, religion, architechural advances, literature, and beautiful art. Many scholars and philosophers had began to discover the longtime mysteries of the world. The Greeks had a system of writing and were very well educated. They were eventually taken over by King Philip V of Macedonia. He made and alliance with Greece and gave them military aid in order for control of their government and people. King Philip dreamed to make Macedonia a world power and intended on starting in the Mediterranean. Rome had also set these same goals for their future and there was nothing stopping them. One of Philips allies, Hanibel, went against him and fought him for Macedonia. The Macedonians allied with the Carthagenians and the Romans with the Aetolian League. By 168 B.C. Rome had Macedonia in their command. After this, the Archaen League in Greece sought freedom after the long rule of Macedonia. They tried to fight against the mighty army of the Romans, but this only resulted int he destruction of the city, Corinth. In 146 B.C. the Romans had abolished all leagues in Greece, and most trade was stopped in the big port cities. Rome would be over this land for sixty years to come. Meanwhile, the Romans realized the value of such things like gold. They soon found out that deposits of gold and other minerals were in the uncultivated land of Thrace. The people of Thrace were for the most part, barbaric, warlike, and unorganized. The Romans did not have as many troubles obtaining this land, considering the people werent as advanced as the Greeks. Thrace would link Rome closer to Asia through the port city of Byzantium. This city was along the major routes coming out of the middle east and China. The Romans left their mark on all of these areas from architecture to names. Byzantium was soon named Constantinople after the emperor, Constantine, moved the new capitol of Rome there. He was the first Christian empire of Rome. Today the church based in Constantinople (now known as Istanbul) is the Eastern Orthodox Church. Ninty-eight percent of Greeks are of this donomination. After the Romans realized they had destroyed the beautiful cities of Greece they rebuilt and restored many of the buildings, but they added their own culture to them in the same movement. Hadrian, a good emperor, beautified Athens and restored many other ruins. Constantine also restored much of Byzantium while he was there in his reign. Eventually, the Romans grew weak and the western portion of their empire fell to the invaders that would soon make their demise. After Constatine had moved to the east and he left, the empire kept dividing into east and west. While the west was on raided regularly the Germanic visgoths crossed the Danube to settle in Roman territory. This tribe became allies with the Romans but soon revolted to crush and defeat the Romans. This defeat made a domino affect that the Romans could not control leading to their fall. History Essays

Critical Social Work Theoretical Frameworks Social Work Essay Essays

Critical Social Work Theoretical Frameworks Social Work Essay Essays Critical Social Work Theoretical Frameworks Social Work Essay Essay Critical Social Work Theoretical Frameworks Social Work Essay Essay Introduction The essay shall research and analyze the theoretical underpinnings and cardinal elements of critical societal work. The history shall so depict appraisal in societal work pattern contexts and see how critical societal work theories like Marxism, Feminism, Radical Social work and Post Modernism have shaped pattern. A scope of values runing from personal, professional, institutional, organizational or bureau, political, spiritual and cultural necessarily characteristic and must be dealt with in pattern. Over and above this lies the societal justness, emancipatory docket vehicle by anti-oppressive attacks. Empathy is required and the societal worker must be in the clients places ( Egan, 1998 ) . Theoretical bases and attacks enable practicians to traverse societal divides and be with the client in a supportive manner in an accountable and ethical mode. Vast energy must be invested to chase away and dispute both the personal and the structural dominant forces of oppressive patterns. The writer shall try to show how theories have shaped the response approaches to serve bringing and contributed to professional pattern. Critical Social Work Theoretical Frameworks The outgrowth of Socialism, Marxism, Liberalism and Conservativism shaped the emerging social professions at the bend of the 20th century wholly and reshaped the mode in which life was understood. How the societal, political, economic shaped that world became core in gestating world and the manner worlds reacted to the universe around them. In most instances socially constructed worlds could be explained through the stuff worlds if one was to look at the universe through a Marxist position. The 1960-70s reading of societal jobs, described as the rediscovery of poorness . Marxist rules understood the universe as socially divided by category, rendering some categories more susceptible to poverty than others as economically determined by holding no control of the agencies of production. Marxist theory locates category battle as a agency of righting this sort of socio-economic instability and the inequality The nucleus elements in this stage were manners of production and power, the eq uality that came with the bundle and the desire for alteration, societal alteration could merely be achieved through category battle. The human place could therefore be understood as driven and controlled by the external, in this instance the hapless as the laden group desired alteration. Social work s function involves working with people s lives, societal jobs centred on poorness and disadvantage and the nucleus concern involves set uping balance, societal stableness and societal justness. Intervention without disputing societal exclusion, inequality and poorness has proved to be deficient yet traditional societal work pathologised the person. At the early stages societal work was more about keeping public order and stamp downing civil agitation and category battle instead than acquiring down to the nucleus issues of poorness relief and disputing the beginnings and grounds for the differences that affected the people. Norms of behavior and life style for the people were determined by the eligibility standard as the beneficiary elements of philanthropic intercessions more than rights driven determiners. Extremist societal work emerged to instil that it was in fact a political activity. Social work should be about back uping those in demand, disputing inequality and societal alteration, non societal control covering with material worlds. With extremist societal work emerged the community component in societal work, witting raising attack, gradual incremental alteration in the procedure and oppositional activism. As the profession developed critical societal work begins to understand oppressive forces and work to retrace power instabilities ( Thompson, 2007 ; Dominelli, 1988 ; Braye and Preston-Shoot Extremist societal work had been excessively minimalistic and was criticised for over concentrating on category and paying no attending to other signifiers of inequalities. Bhatti- Sinclair ( 2011 ) argues that social workers remain committed to human rights, moralss and values and continuously seek a sharper apprehension of how to use theoretical constructs found in cosmopolitan human-centered rules, professional moralss and national jurisprudence, policy and process . ( twelve ) Inclusivity and citizenship are the chief marks in critical societal work pattern as opposed to sing people as corporate groups ( Glaister, 2008 ) . Anti-oppressive pattern thereby pursues societal justness and challenges pattern favoritism and subjugation bluffly. Battle with societal world must affect critiquing of societal systems and constructions, and set platforms for societal alteration and difference. The attack has an ethical committedness to societal justness by exposing inequalities and disputin g unequal power kineticss in society. The mode in which society maps has constructions that can either oppress or emancipate some societal groups. As the practician works, there is doubtless the challenge of professionally compliant. Social Work Practice Approaches Critical societal work pattern at all times engages with how other people on the other societal, cultural, spiritual divide are understood by us. Understanding diverseness and how personal positions and values are located must be a changeless brooding professional committedness. Personal or social perceptual experiences are shaped over clip or driven by historical and socio-political realities/environments must be understood. Where stereotypes have been shaped over clip in persons ; a professional operational base must be adopted. Braye, S A ; Preston-Shoot, M ( 2003 ) dispute hypocritical professionalism by reasoning that personal values and attitudes will ever be at that place, the issue is that they should non impact effectual service bringing. This is the bosom of critical societal work pattern ; being able to exceed the personal and being a professional. Social work can dispute or keep position quo and that societal workers are invested with power to care and command. In the context of what shall be discussed subsequently about appraisals, Braye A ; Preston-Shoot ( 2003 ) province that, Preparation for and reappraisal of pattern requires workers to understand themselves, their relationship with and impact on others, and their strengths and failings in relation to keeping a professional function ( 2003:135 ) . Respect is necessary both when working with service users and fellow co-workers. As explored in Thompson s theoretical account Personal computers, Social work must research the personal, cultural and structural dimensions of favoritism, and how these come together, and can be challenged in different ways ( Dominelli, 2009 ) . Social work must non reenforce subjugation, favoritism or any inequality. Social work can reenforce patriarchal and other oppressive systems and power dealingss. There are societal worlds that societal work either challenges reinforce, statistically cultural minority groups by and large experience higher rates of unemployment, live in poorer lodging, have poorer wellness, lower degrees of academic accomplishment, higher rates of exclusions from schools and are over-represented in prison statistics. Families who are from black and cultural minority groups are more likely to be referred to kids s societal work services, receive support services subsequently, and kids are more likely to travel into the attention system. There are other signifiers of bias, inequality and favoritism which can cross, and these can impact people in many different ways. In visible radiation of these nonsubjective worlds, what could be the drivers of such worlds? What thoughts are generated about the societal group and how could this impact on a practician s opinion when covering with an person from BME groups. The same applies when working with Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children, consciousness of professional duty and a societal justness attack when carry oning an age appraisal must be the pattern base. The Human rights and kid rights must be suitably accorded without favoritism. Another illustration is that of female parent blaming in a kid protection instances. Feminist theory has challenged this gendered attack to job work outing where the female is largely at the Centre of the job yet ignores the work forces from the societal causal matrix. As a consequence of critical societal work a displacement has developed where the whole domestic environment and people must be portion of the issue at manus. If all are non challenged this pattern reinforces the involvements of some groups over others and oppresses adult females. Assessment Procedure Middleton ( 1997 ) describes appraisal as portion of the planning docket affecting assemblage and construing information in order to understand a individual and their fortunes. It involves doing opinions based on information. ( Middleton, 1997:5 ) . The procedure here involves regard for the person s values, their nucleus individuality and opinions are made without being judgemental. Selective and stereotyped considerations must be avoided, labelling and categorizing people and overlooking their individualism and can let elements of favoritism to pervade the procedure which must otherwise non be affected by single values and positions. As argued by Clifford ( 1998 ) it is of import that societal workers check their single prejudices and guarantee that these do non impact the mode in which they undertake appraisals. In direct nexus with critical societal work, appraisals must be informed by critical theory to heighten a balanced, merely and anti-oppressive appraisal procedure. Personal positions held by the societal worker must non busy any infinite in the appraisal procedure for the interest of justness, just entree to services anti-discriminatory pattern. Parker and Bradley ( 2005 ) argue that a balanced attack of an assessment involves wisdom, accomplishments, grasp of diverseness and consistently applied cognition in direct pattern. Service users must experience that they benefit from the appraisal procedure for it to be effectual ( Addock, 2001 ) and the societal worker and household members must jointly lend to the procedure. This engagement enriches the procedure and eliminates subjective attacks to the appraisal. Social work pattern and critical attacks intersect ; the worker must be witting of their personal beliefs and values and strike a responsible, ethical and professional balance in the mode the appraisal and intercession is conducted and be honest and expressed with service users. ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2005: 7 ) . Extensive cognition of the service user s environmental and living systems and the wider systems that impinge on them must be cardinal determiners in appraisals ( Parker A ; Bradley 2005:13 ) .Service user engagement is authorising and demonstrates citizenship and self driven duty as human worth. Understanding power kineticss in appraisals Power dealingss inherent in the societal work procedure must be carefully managed and guarantee a balanced contributory attack whereby an exchange theoretical account would can follow to admit that the service users are experts of their state of affairss. Service users and societal workers exchange thoughts, information and ways forward to do a difference and happen alternate ways of nearing as corporate spouses ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2005:14 ) . In footings of accomplishments this involves actively listening to service users being available for them, a professional and non-judgemental or non directing attack, consecutive and honorable talk and societal justness chase. ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2005 ) . Child centred appraisals must be informed by kid development theories, ecological attacks, guaranting equality of chance, engagement of households and an interagency attack ensures corporate originative intercessions. When working with unaccompanied refuge seeking kids for illustration, Culturegrams aid in analyzing the impact of civilization in the lives of those persons and households being assessed ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2005:50-53 ) . This can be really utile when working with BME groups every bit good as refugees and refuge searchers in a broader context. Valuess of the households and persons are explored and these aid determine the nature of the intercession where the single shapes the class of the intercession as opposed to it being driven by the powerful professionals. Multiculturalism and societal work Multiculturalism is a twenty-first Century challenge as citizenship acknowledgment and integrating a modern society feature. Critical multiculturalism suggests that societal workers need to intellectually prosecute with the issues of difference and citizenship, in a mode that detaches pattern from monoculturalist norms ( Powell, 2001:146 ) . Social workers are practically challenged to interrogate the value premises of their attack and assess rules and values they use in pattern. If societal workers are to avoid narrative repression, they need to be capable of disputing dianoetic hierarchies of intending in their pattern . ( Powell, 2001:146 ) . This becomes the automatic constituent in the intercession. This involves disputing the really systems that they use and anteroom for the alteration in structural elements that could be suppressing the really people they would be working with. Feminist societal work engages in righting gender inequalities, this could be the female parent faulting attitude that it challenges. Critical societal work engages a demand for consciousness by practicians, a transmutation of cultural attitudes around race dealingss, homosexual rights and the relationship between gender, civilization and power and of the demand for anti-discriminatory pattern ( Powell, 2001:149 ) . In order to run into the professional demands of the profession, societal workers must seek counsel and shut the spread between personal values and professional pattern. This must do changeless mention to human rights, equality, favoritism and racism ( Bhatti- Sinclair, 2011 ) . Fook ( 2000 ) argues that adept critical societal workers are able to make critical cognition which challenges and resists all signifiers of domination. Anti-racist pattern Dominelli ( 2008 ) points out that anti-racist pattern beyond that presented in Thompson s ( 2007 ) PCS theoretical account by underscoring on its interactive nature. For Dominelli ( 2008 ) racism is a multidimensional signifier of subjugation over and above favoritism Institutional and Cultural racism are structurally associated and viewed as less immorality than the personal racism which society scowls upon, yet the is no better racism. If practicians manus over duty of BME issues to BME staff this may be debatable as it may ensue in a deficiency of duty by white societal workers to anti-racist pattern and reinforce difference. Institutional patterns must be professionally compliant ( Bhatti- Sinclair, 2011:128 ) at their ain degree. Treatment of black families/children hits them every twenty-four hours and there are challenges that the societal workers have to cover with in the face of these ingrained stereotyped positions of the good white household and the bad black household. Dominelli ( 2008 ) argues that challenging how white people perceive black households is merely possible within positive swearing relationships. Mobile colonists fall into the same class where as the minority cultural groups where stereotyped premises exist that can act upon the societal work procedure. To work with persons on the autistic spectrum requires cognition and apprehension of autism. Knowledge of the status s features, the basic apprehension of the three of damages is necessary for usage in the societal work procedure. The persons must non be viewed as unwilling to prosecute due their limited societal interaction accomplishments but must be understood and appropriate communicating systems used. For illustration, alternatively of speaking through an appraisal ; image boards, games of their involvement, familiar environments and utilizing their preferable manner of communicating would assist to affect them, prosecute them and take a possible stereotyped position that they can non do determinations. If this procedure does non affect them, the likeliness is that anti-oppressive pattern would hold been failed. Good pattern recognises individualism and this permeates through the societal work procedure. Assessment procedure in pattern The writer s work experience with a 40 twelvemonth old autistic adult male in Coventry stands as a alone illustration of the complexness of service user engagement and creativeness aimed at raising the degree of positive results in reexamining a attention program. The lone established entree point for his parts was when he was off from place, on the coach. During any travel by coach, he livened up and opened up, expressed his positions about the service he was having and it was the best clip to measure the support attention program, colloquially in a coach. Working around the person s universe helped the societal attention supplier to make out to the really of import demands that an office based appraisal could non accomplish. The coach environment had no powerful/powerless unequal binary moral force in it. It was his comfort zone. Failure to recognize single likes, compulsions and centripetal issues in autistic persons can impede the societal work procedure. Effective appraisals can merely be accomplishable when the service user is located at the Centre of the procedure by usage of attacks that promote societal alteration and justness. Challenging favoritism in pattern Childs are frequently described as vulnerable, guiltless, in demand of protection and missing experience. If non carefully approached the kid may be sidelined from the appraisal procedure and overshadowed by grownup thoughts. If it is about abuse in the place, it is the kid s experience and non the grownup s experience that must take precedency with the kid as the expert. The Scating Report emphasised the demand to see the universe through the eyes of the kid . The function of the societal worker in pattern is to dispute favoritism, exclusion of socially excluded groups like kids. Childs have been looked at as topics and the critical attack locates them as able to determine and voice. Failure to recognize kids and the societal worker s comparatively powerful place practicians reinforce subjugation. The critical practician engages service users to ease the relation of their narratives in the appraisal procedure. Law is used to counter oppressive pattern and sets out operational parametric quantities for professionals to cover with racism and be cognizant that favoritism is improper ( Race dealingss Act 1976 A ; Equality Act 2006, Bhatti- Sinclair, 2011 ) .To overcome the pattern challenge, societal workers have looked up to anti-racist advocators for counsel on methods and theoretical accounts which respond ethically, efficaciously and expeditiously to day-to-day challenges and quandary ( Bhatti- Sinclair, 2011 ) . Training and bing regulative organic structures like the HCPC enable pattern to be justness based by necessitating professionalism by the work force through conformity and counsel. The Professional capablenesss Framework requires the worker to Recognise and pull off the impact on people of the power invested in your function ( PCF 33 ) and criterions of proficiency calls on the demand to recognise the power kineticss in relationships with service users and carers and be able to pull off those kineticss suitably ( SoPS 2.8 ) . Formalised appraisals assistance in shooting consistence Crisp et Al ( 2005 ) argues that the absence of a formalistic appraisal model consequences in subjective appraisals. Professionally trained and skilled workers heighten a just appraisal. Appraisals must non merely look at behavior, but besides the cause of the behavior in a holistic manner in order to do right opinions and this is achieved through service user engagement in the procedure. Milner A ; Byr ne, ( 2002 ) posit that the appraisal there is demand for mapping before be aftering the appraisal journey. This involves cognizing the kid, prosecuting them and pulling their strengths in order to determine appropriate support ( Dominelli A ; Payne, 2002 ) . Engagement Effective anti-racist, anti-oppressive pattern must be drawn from pattern intelligence, applied research and service users involvement. Empowering pattern has an engagement and integrating constituent as opposed to exclusion pattern attacks by deficiency of appropriate linguistic communication and civilization consciousness ( Bhatti- Sinclair, 2011 ) .Structurally, good planned and coordinated appraisals and intercessions involve the service user and must react sensitively to their demands. Awareness of our ain biass and past experiences and thoughts must be non-threatening to clients ( Lindsay, 2010 ) .Interactive polarization between the societal worker and client can sabotage societal work effectiveness whereupon households and persons are pathologised either as unapproachable or immune. Positive communicating enhances the relationship edifice ( Kaprowska 2010:5 ) which is the key to an accurate appraisal. Persons with disablements frequently argue that societal workers appraisals of them emphasise more on damage and less on being seen as human, alternatively appraisals must research their single abilities. In add-on when working with persons who use minority linguistic communications it can go a barrier for an accurate appraisal hence the demand to be after appraisals for these persons with full consciousness of this cardinal communicating component in order to guarantee the service user s engagement. This could be necessitated by transcribers or minority linguistic communication talking societal workers. Similarly, when working with the aged, appraisals must observe abilities and non reenforce ageist stereotypes, shared power and agreed way rule. Decision The construct of critical pattern locates the societal worker as an active participant in a procedure of construing and understanding relationships and communicating that must cut across difference. Over and above premises, biass, personal beliefs, structural models ; the critical practician must be automatic and engaged in an empowering manner whilst being cognizant of personal and socio-cultural beginnings and belief systems and disputing all signifiers of subjugation. Appropriate accomplishments and knowledge must be incorporated for the societal work procedure to be effectual.

Top 7 Job Skills You’ll Need in 10 Years To Stay Up To Date

Top 7 Job Skills You’ll Need in 10 Years To Stay Up To Date There’s an awful lot of doomsday chatter about the future of the workforce and how all our jobs will be replaced by robots by 2020. A lot of that might be true. The World Economic Forum’s 2016 Future of Jobs Report estimated that over 5 million jobs will be lost to automation by that time- and that number will only continue to grow. Your usual fall back jobs- you know those â€Å"safe bets† your parents always lectured you about: manufacturing, law, administrative jobs, etc.- these will probably suffer the most cuts. But the good news is this: in times of great change, there’s always room for the enterprising and entrepreneurial to clean up. It’s just that there will be new and different skills to master- skills that will be most valuable in a new economy and in a changing world.Here are some of the top skills you’ll need if you want to get a leg up on the future of the workforce.1. TechTech skills will of course be in high demand, as will an ything to do with â€Å"computational thinking.† If the world is being taken over by computers, you’ll need to think like one. Learn to manage and synthesize the massive amounts of data we already process daily- and make sense of patterns.Jobs that will be fairly secure include: software developer, computer systems analyst, market research analyst, and marketing specialist- among other positions. In short: boost your analytical skills.2. Soft SmartsIf you’re just not a techie person, never fear. It will take a very long time for robots to be as emotionally intelligent as people, or as socially savvy. Focus on social intelligence and literacy with new media forms and platforms and you’ll be just fine. Sales, marketing, customer service, etc. are all the new â€Å"safe bets.†3. World BuildingVirtual reality already feels like a retro technology, but it’s here to stay. And it’s appearing more and more in everyday use. If you have skills that can lead to creating, managing, and manipulating virtual worlds, you’re golden. Also, storytelling skills will prove to be invaluable. It’s not all CGI bells and whistles. Someone has to make the worlds believable.4. AdaptationUnfortunately, â€Å"being adaptable† isn’t really a thing you can get paid to do exactly, but it is a skill you’ll need for almost anything in the changing workforce. Expand yourself and your mind, get outside your comfort zone and stay there- comfort zones will be disappearing altogether.Also make sure to learn and understand deeply how business works. Figure out ways to make a living as an independent contractor, or scout jobs in management analysis, accounting, and auditing.5. Constant LearningWith so much information, data, and constant change, those who keep on top of the latest trends and information will have a major leg up. Don’t rest on the laurels of what you know. Keep learning, even if only in 10 minu te chunks while commuting. Learn coding. Refresh your C++. Try a new language. And if you can do all this and teach or train, then you’re in great shape to stay employed.6. CaregivingAgain, if you’re just not that into business or tech, remember there will always be a need for caregivers- especially as the human lifespan lengthens. You’ll be relieved to know that nearly half of the hottest sectors for jobs through 2025 are health care or caregiving related. Anything in the fields of medical tech, physical therapy, workplace ergonomics, veterinary medicine, etc. Even medical secretaries and medical assistants will stay employed.7. Shallow ExpertiseThere will always be a need for specialists. But if you aren’t one, or you don’t care to become one, the new world will also require a host of people who can be ready to be a â€Å"shallow expert† on nearly anything at a moment’s notice. The sooner you can become well-versed on a wide variety of software programs, platforms, systems, and services, the more likely you are to stay on top.

Privacy and Security Issues Online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Privacy and Security Issues Online - Essay Example Conducting business via the internet has been referred to as e-commerce or electronic commerce (Kalakota and Whinston, 1997). According to Kalakota and Whinston, â€Å"it endeavors to improve the execution of business transactions over various networks† (1997, p. 4). Ecommerce has really made business easier and enjoyable. This has resulted to more performance, better quality, greater customer satisfaction, and better decision making among the consumers and sellers (Kalakota 1997). ...The UK government believes that if e-commerce was a sector by itself, it would be larger than the sectors of utilities and agriculture (UK Cabinet Office Staff, 2011). However, apart from bringing many profits to business owners, it has brought about breaches of privacy and security to consumers and businesses. 1. Various Privacy and Security Issues experienced by Consumers and Businesses Online The ever increasing use of the internet has resulted in many consumers giving too much information wit hout even realizing it and has been viewed as a tempting treasure, especially for marketers. For example, when a consumer visits a particular company’s website, he might unwillingly provide to the company with even confidential information. If the website utilizes cookies and other tracking devices, companies usually gather even more information, which if not properly handled, results in security and privacy issues. Computerized interactions between businesses and their clients have helped in building more sophisticated businesses. As more information is being shared with others, some clients’ personal information ends up in the wrong hands and might be used in wrong ways bringing up problems between consumers and businesses (Selis, Ramasastry, Kim and Smith, n.d.). The nature of online activities has been seen to threaten the privacy of consumer’s and the businesses taking place online. Every move the consumer or a business owner makes on the internet, whether on smartphones, tablets, or laptops, turn out to be information that trackers have been able to access, and used to their advantage.

Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mythology - Essay Example MYTHOLOGY The world of mythology is interconnected with heroism and supernatural elements. Within this context, the stages of development in a hero’s life (departure, initiation and return), put forth by Joseph Campbell in the work The Hero with A Thousand Faces is noteworthy. One can see that the Godfather films (The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and The Godfather Part III), by Francis Ford Coppola, belong to gangster film genre. The protagonist’s (Michael Corleone) transformation from a young man who hates gangster life to a gangster and later to an elderly individual who seeks redemption is beautifully portrayed by the director. Thesis statement: The portrayal of the character Michael Corleone from The Godfather films by Francis Ford Coppola proves that the same is according to the stages (departure, initiation and return) in the journey of a hero, put forth by Joseph Campbell in the work The Hero with A Thousand Faces (Special references to the films: The Godfat her, The Godfather Part II, and The Godfather Part III). The main stages in Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with A Thousand Faces According to Joseph Campbell, there is number of stages within the hero’s expedition or journey. All the heroes do not undergo all these stages, but the three stages (say, departure (past life), initiation (adventurous life) and return (return to motherland)) are most important. Seaward (2004), states that â€Å"The template of the hero’s journey involves three distinct stages: (1) the departure, (2) initiation, and (3) the return home† (p. 52). The first stage or departure helps the readers to have deep understanding on the hero’s adventurous life because this stage describes the hero’ adventurous in the past life. Moreover, this stage provides ample importance to the concept of heroism which can be generalized to the broader context of mythology. The second stage or initiation portrays the hero’s travel to the unknown world and adventures. This stage is important because it reflects the hero’s growth and development to a fully fledged hero, who is ready to face dangerous situations without fear. This stage is applicable to most of the conventional heroes because adventure is helpful to portray heroism. The problems faced by the hero during his travel to the unknown world are helpful to maintain the suspense of the whole story. The third and final stage is return, which portrays the hero’s return to his motherland. In this stage, the hero returns with immense power gained from the hardships faced during the journey. This stage is helpful for the hero to establish his victory over the evil. All these stages are again divided into sub-stages, but the essence of the hero’s growth and development is limited to the context of the foretold three stages. Michael Corleone and stages put forth by Joseph Campbell The plots of the three Godfather films revolve around Michael Cor leone, the main character. Campbell (2008), states that â€Å"Many tales isolate and greatly enlarge upon one or two of the typical elements of the full cycle (test motif, flight motif,

Care Of The Older Adult Questions Essay Example for Free

Care Of The Older Adult Questions Essay a. Define Baby Boomers-(those born from 1946–1964) reach retirement age (as of 2011). They will make up the world’s largest part of society. In addition, the boomers will be the largest cohort of retirees ever. Also, the boomers may become the most-engaged cohort of older adults. The boomers will be the healthiest cohort of older adults. The boomers will be the best-educated cohort of older adults. First, the boomers will be the longest-lived cohort of older adults. b. List some of the age related changes that can affect communications-vision loss, hearing loss. Physical processes include listening, speaking, gesturing, reading, writing, touching, and moving. The psychological aspects involve cognitive processes such as attention, memory, self-awareness, organization, and reasoning. Vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste, movement, speech, c. Define AAC and the patients that would benefit from it. System is â€Å"an integrated group of components, including symbols, aids, strategies and techniques used by individuals to enhance communication†. Patients who have the ability to effectively use a prescribed communication system. d. What is the most commonly used hearing aid? Behind the ear hearing-aide e. Which hearing aid covers the entire range of hearing loss? Behind the ear hearing-aide f. What are the two major types of assistive devices used to improve hearing? Assistive listening devices and hearing aids. g. What are the four major types of assistive listening devices? Personal frequency modulation systems, infrared systems, induction loop systems, and one-to-one communicators. BTE (behind the ear) BTEs are about 1 inch long and worn behind the outer ear. A small tube connects with the amplification device behind the ear and delivers amplified sound into the ear canal. The device has an adjustable volume control and is battery powered. It is the most common style of hearing aid. These devices are suitable for the entire range of hearing loss. OTE (over the ear) This is a new style that is very small and sits on top of the outer ear. ITE (in the ear)  ITEs are custom-fitted devices molded to the contour of the outer ear. The device has an adjustable volume control and a battery; however, both are much smaller than ones used in a BTE device. Some users have difficulty  seeing or manipulating the control and battery. These devices are used for mild to moderate hearing loss. ITC (in the canal) ITCs are tiny devices that fit into the ear canal and are barely visible. They are customized to fit the size and shape of the ear canal. Although cosmetically appealing, their small size is a drawback for some individuals. CIC (completely in the canal) CICs are the smallest type of device in the in the ear class. The entire device fits within the canal. Although cosmetically flattering, the small size is a true disadvantage because of difficulty handling and positioning the device. This device is the most expensive model of hearing aid. Understand what can cause difficulties with communications-Physiological changes associated with aging or secondary to chronic illness and disease can pose a barrier to communication. Common physiological changes associated with aging that interfere with communication include high-frequency hearing loss, loss of dentition, reduced vital capacity, and reduced oral motor function. Chapter 6 provides more detailed information about these changes. Understand the environment that facilitates therapeutic communication-inviting (An invitation says to the other person that you are interested in them and sharing time with them.) Arranging the environment (The environment should be comfortable, provide privacy, and minimize distractions that could be barriers to communication, such as noise or poor lighting.) Maximize communication (The third principle is to use communication strategies that maximize the individual’s ability to understand the message. Communication is critical in health care, yet many consumers have difficulty understanding the language of health care due to language barriers, illiteracy, or limited literacy.) Maximize understanding (The next principle is to maximize understanding. The most important skill to help maximize understanding is to learn to listen. Learning to listen is essential to good communications. It is much easier to hear than it is to listen. Listening requires not only hearing the words spoken, but also understanding their meaning and the context in which they are spoken.) Following through (The final principle is to follow up and follow through.  Words backed by actions help develop trust. A relationship built on trust and concern for the welfare of others is critical to optimal health outcomes. These simple techniques can be applied to all of our communications.) What are the five As to tobacco cessation: The 5 As Ask about smoking status at each health care visit. Advise client to quit smoking. Assess client’s willingness to quit smoking at this time. Assist client to quit using counseling and pharmacotherapy. Arrange for follow-up within one week of scheduled quit date. What are the five Rs to tobacco cessation: The 5 Rs Relevance: Ask the client to think about why quitting may be personally relevant for him or her. Risks of smoking are identified by the client. Rewards of quitting are identified by the client. Roadblocks or barriers to quitting are identified by the client. Repetition of this process at every clinic visit. Most people who successfully quit smoking require multiple attempts. What is the criterion for the pneumococcal vaccine: Older adults, especially those with chronic illnesses or who live in nursing homes, are susceptible to pneumococcal pneumonia, which results in death in over one-third of clients over 65 years of age who acquire the disease. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of pneumococcal pneumonia underscores the importance of acquired immunization against the illness. Pneumococcal vaccine is given once for clients who are 65 years of age or older. In most cases of elder abuse who is the perpetrator: a family member In any situation where you suspect abuse, what is the first step: 1) report abuse and neglect to adult protective services or other state-mandated agencies; 2) ensure that there is a safety plan and assess safety; 3) assess the client’s cognitive, emotional, functional, and health status; and 4) assess the frequency, severity, and intent of abuse.

Definition Of Good And Evil Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout human existence, questions have arisen concerning the nature of good and evil. Many scientist, philosophers, and theologians have been intrigued by these questions. Through Augustine’s Confessions and E. O. Wilson’s In Search of Nature, one is accessible to two distinct perspectives concerning the nature of good and evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Augustine sets up an argument in his Confession that attempts to define evil. God is the author of everything. Augustine says, â€Å"nothing that exists could exist without You [God]† (Book I, Chapter II). Nothing in this world exists apart from God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Augustine, God is good because everything He made is good. Everything about God is good. No aspect of Him is lacking, false, or not good. However, the question of evil and from where it came still remains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Augustine then asks himself where it was that evil came. Evil could not have come from God; it must have come from another source other than God. Because we clearly see evil in this world, did God allow it to enter? This would seem that God is not omnipotent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Originally Augustine believed that evil had substance. However, his views changed later where he says, â€Å"If they were deprived of all goodness, they would be altogether nothing; therefore, as long as they are, they are good. Thus whatsoever things are, are good; and that evil whose origin I sought is not a substance† (Book VII,...

25th Jan Revolution

After thirty years of cruel and unfair power, Hosni Mubarak was deposed and the political system was changed by a peacefully revolution. the Egyptian Youth made a revoluation that will change the path of history. the Egyptians are not the same any more. At this moment, everyone speaks about politics and has his own opinion. And of course, the events of Tunisia have a lead role in the impact on the Egyptian youth, because they felt that there is hope, and the change is possible. Now, it's over for the Mubarak regime. Egypt has been suffering from a great decline in every department of human needs. overty grown worse, people become more exhausted and frustrated by their increasing needs and social injustice. the Bad regime and the Egyptians’ thirst for democracy and legally elections were The primary reasons, which led to this revoluation . No one in Egypt is fooled by the elections that have taken place during Mubarak’s regime. Bribes are in everywhere; if you want accom plish anything, to get any government document, permit, licence, or even paying a simple monthly bill, it will take hours and you have to pay bribes. This regime has run a brutal police state. there were a Tight internet controls, kidnappings, and police beatings. The situation in Egypt began with invitation to the day of rage against Mubarak regime on January 25th. No one expected an invitation to the day of rage from a group on the Facebook page, called â€Å"we are all Khalid Said† can change everything in Egypt. Khalid said was an Egyptian youth who had been beaten to death by Mubarak police in Alexandria. His death became the match that set the fire of Our Revolution. I decided to go down the streets with my brother because we felt a great sense of internal suppression, there was an opportunity for us to express what is inside, we were affected by the corruption that fills the country, we felt it a duty to do something for our country. In Tahrir square, All people felt as one family and they support each other. I saw People from different political parties are interacting with each other. they seem to forget their political belongings and Christians are with Muslim united in the revolution. Egyptians gathered in public and discovered themselves as a civil society. Finally, I can say that, We are All egyptians now. Men and women are standing side-by-side in calling for their rights. And when people lose their fear, amazing things sometimes happen. So, As long as you say there is no hope, then there will be no hope, but if you go down and take a stance, then there will be hope. We are free and our dignity is back. Now, I am more confident of my future and my children’s future. In this moment , and after revolution, I hope that this transitional era will not last too long and Egypt would return stable and secure as it always been, God bless Egypt.

Psy240 Final Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay

You are interviewing for a psychologist position with a top company. After your face-to-face interview with the team, they have provided you with two additional assignments—Part A and Part B below, which will complete the interview process: * Part A: A psychologist understands how biology can affect psychological activities and disorders. In your interview, you are asked about your understanding of the causes and treatment(s) of schizophrenia. In your reply, discuss the following: * Areas of the brain affected * Causal factors * Associated symptoms * The neural basis * Appropriate drug therapies * Part B: Part B of the interview consists of interpreting some case studies from a biopsychologist’s perspective. You are given four different case studies of disorders and have the option of choosing two out of the four case studies to analyze. * Write a 1,750- to 2,100-word paper in APA format containing the following: * Introduction * Part A of the interview process. * Part B of the interview process: * Choose two of the four case studies presented in Appendix A. * Discuss your understanding of the problem presented in each of the two case studies from the perspective of a biopsychologist. * Include each problem’s relation to the nature-nurture issue and any relevant portions of the Basics to Biopsychology text. * Use a minimum of five outside resources, including at least 3 peer-reviewed articles. * Apply any helpful drug interventions or solutions. * Discuss the positive or negative aspects of these drug interventions or solutions and * Conclusion

Practice Reading French With This Easy Shopping Story

Practice Reading French With This Easy Shopping Story French adjectives are difficult to master for English speakers because their rules of agreement and placement, not to forget their pronunciation, are truly challenging. An English speaker needs to change the way he/she thinks, and develop the reflex to do the noun-adjective  agreement, which is not an easy task.   Knowing the rules is not enough. Training is essential. So today, here is a little learn French in context story in which well be using adjectives of course, in particular French adjectives of colors and French adjectives used to describe clothing, as well as  French clothing vocabulary. Of course, before you study this story, I highly recommend you take the time to visit the links above to refresh your memory, and then read the story without the translation and focus on the adjective agreements. Aujourdhui, nous allons suivre Camille dans les magasins. Camille a besoin dune robe pour aller un mariage dans trois semaines. Cest un mariage à ©là ©gant, et donc elle cherche une robe habillà ©e, mais assez confortable car elle a bien lintention de danser ! Et bien sà »r, la robe ne doit pas à ªtre trop chà ¨re, car Camille na pas un grand budget. Camille entre dans une boutique et trouve une jolie jupe, longue, fluide et là ©gà ¨re. Mais si elle achà ¨te une jupe, elle devra acheter un haut, et aussi une veste pour là ©glise. Cest trop compliquà ©. Non, dà ©cidà ©ment, Camille cherche une robe, un point cest tout. Il y a une robe bleue qui est pas mal, assez chic, et bien coupà ©e. Mais cest du lin, et Camille ne repasse pas. Cette robe va se froisser, et puis le lin, à §a montre aussi les traces de transpiration. Non, ce nest vraiment pas pratique. Dommage, elle à ©tait jolie et bon-marchà ©. Dans une autre boutique, Camille repà ¨re une petite robe courte, sans manche, et avec un joli motif imprimà ©. Et elle nest vraiment pas chà ¨re ! Elle est soldà ©e, cest vraiment une bonne affaire. Elle lessaie. Ah la la, cest la catastrophe. Cette robe ne lui va pas du tout. Elle est trop courte : ce nest pas de la bonne qualità © et la coupe ne lui va pas du tout. Camille trouve quelle la grossit. Tant pis. La vendeuse suggà ¨re une autre robe, complà ¨tement diffà ©rente. Elle est trà ¨s longue, gris bleu, assez moulante avec un grand dà ©colletà © dans le dos, et des petites bretelles. Camille lessaie. Aà ¯e, à §a bloque au niveau des cuisses... là ©ternel problà ¨me... Camille demande une taille plus grande. Elle arrive mettre la robe, mais cest un dà ©sastre. La robe est trop serrà ©e sur les fesses, trop petite sur la poitrine, et en plus elle est beaucoup trop longue. Camille se trouve grosse, moche et vulgaire... pas du tout le look recherchà ©. Cette journà ©e shopping ne se passe pas vraiment comme prà ©vu. Zut alors. Dans une vitrine, Camille voit une petite robe noire pois blancs. Elle est classique, mais a une jolie forme cache-coeur, et est ample au niveau des jambes. Elle a des manches courtes, et le tissus a lair fluide et confortable. Camille entre dans la boutique, demande sa taille, et essaie la robe. Ah, voil qui est mieux. Camille se sent trà ¨s bien : la robe est douce, et tombe bien sur elle. Elle nest ni trop longue, ni trop courte, et elle lamincit. Et en plus, Camille a des chaussures noires qui iront parfaitement avec.   La vendeuse lui montre une veste assortie. Lensemble est parfait, assez sobre mais chic. Cest un peu plus cher que ce que Camille voulait dà ©penser, mais à §a reste   raisonnable, et en plus cette petite robe sera facile remettre. En fait, cest parfait! Mission accomplie!

Character and Setting in Popular Music

Whether through characters and scenes music in popular music or written literature like novels, a character can convey emotions and thoughts. The audience understands through the present role. Just as we find the character we like, we also find characters that look down. The setting is almost the same. Whether explicitly given or implicitly set, the audience will think about the picture. Sometimes it's a beautiful place, sometimes it's a place we'd rather ignore. In this article, we will explain the role of the environment in public machinery. Analyze the relationship between the central figure and the surrounding environment. Do you set character limit options or affect plot development? Does the environment play an important role in raising the theme of the story? Popular Machinery was written to imagine details to the audience. Men and women in the story are anonymous, there is no clue to the explanation of the story, there is no mention of the city, state or country where the sto ry takes place. This allows the reader to draw the context and detail of the story in his own way. Perhaps the reader has heard of it or is in a similar situation and you can put your face and place in the story. The setup details are very simple, but it is also the most detailed information on every element of the story. Whether through characters and scenes music in popular music or written literature like novels, a character can convey emotions and thoughts. The audience understands through the present role. Just as we find the character we like, we also find characters that look down. The setting is almost the same. Whether explicitly given or implicitly set, the audience will think about the picture. - Setting is a term indicating where the behavior occurred in the narrative work and the past time. However, the settings can be used for other purposes of the novel, such as as a symbol supporting the novel theme. Various settings of red letters such as market, forest, Hester Cott age are examples of this. The market is a typical department of a tough Puritans society In psychology literature, the word personality has become common. This is a term popular in the early 20 th century. Back then, people believed that people had a particular character and had a series of virtues and moral personality traits, including integrity, honesty, generosity, reliability. But by the middle of the century this word became unpopular and rarely used. The main reason for being rejected by psychologists is that according to the mainstream theory at the time, human behavior is determined not by individual but by environment.

Theory and Knowledge Development in Nursing Article - 1

Theory and Knowledge Development in Nursing - Article Example lf of the previous century, nursing theories have been developed to provide methods of thinking which provide direction in constructive diagnosis and solving problems in working with patients. While patient cases will have similarities, each case is also uniquely different and may require a different process of determining solutions. A patient is inherently individualistic, based on social and economic factors as well as the type of illness involved. What may work for one patient, may not work for another patient, due to differing circumstances of age, eating habits, social structure and economic environment such as working status or for those who are unemployed. Nursing morals and ethics will also come into play when confronted with issues of insurance coverage and what solutions are available as defined by the coverage, if there is any coverage. Consequently, right answers in one case may not be right in another, based on principles which are not always absolute (Nourreddine, 2001, p.3). When evaluating nursing knowledge, nurses will ask themselves what they know, what the extent of that knowledge is, based on how that knowledge is attained through various methods, and whether it is appropriate. Epistemology is the term used for the study in the theory of knowledge which has several basic types. Empiric knowledge is developed through scientific observations, suitable testing and ability to replicate and validate the information. Personal (priori) knowledge is attained from thought processes alone. Intuitive knowledge comes from feelings and hunches that come from unconscious recognition of experiences or patterns as known from previous experiences or by some type of educational process. Somatic knowledge is experience attained from a physical experience which becomes a learned process through conducting physical tasks. Ballet dancers and gymnasts are great examples of those with somatic knowledge. Metaphysical knowledge which is a spiritual precept of knowledge